This report provides a structured analysis of 442 documented human rights violations against LGBT+ people in Armenia, Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia, and Russia, recorded between January and December 2025. The data was collected by the Eastern European Coalition for LGBT+ Equality and its member organisations in Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine, based on cases reported by victims or gathered from other sources.
Armenia
Armenia accounts for 60 documented cases. The dominant pattern is domestic violence, which is the single most common offense category, followed by threats based on sexual orientation or gender identity, discriminatory abuse of authority, and discrimination combined with domestic violence. The cases also include sexual violence, extortion, non-consensual sharing of intimate materials, and workplace discrimination. Family members are the main offenders, especially fathers and mothers, while known individuals outside the family also appear often. Law enforcement response is weak: most victims did not contact police, and when they did, the response was often indifferent or discouraging.
In terms of gender and sexual orientation, trans women and cisgender women are both heavily represented, while gay men are the largest group by sexual orientation, followed by lesbian women and queer-identified people.
Two cases involve bisexual individuals and one involves a pansexual person. Age data shows a strong concentration among 19–25-year-olds, with minors also documented, including victims under 18 and one under 15. The main rights violated are the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment, the prohibition of discrimination, freedom of movement, and the right to respect for private and family life.
Georgia
Georgia accounts for 19 documented cases. Although the number is smaller than in the other countries, the cases are severe and mostly post-date the 2024 anti-LGBT law. Hate crime and hate speech dominate, followed by discrimination, gender-based violence, and other hate incidents. The patterns include transphobic street attacks, denial of medical care, family-based abuse, forced outing, and the case of Aliya Ozdamirova, who was returned from Georgia to Chechnya and died shortly after. Unknown groups and unknown individuals are the most common offenders, with private structures also appearing. State officials are not prominent as direct offenders, but failure of state protection is a recurring theme.
Trans women are the largest victim group by far, making up 8 of the 19 cases. Cisgender women and cisgender men appear too, along with one trans man, two lesbian women, and one gay man.
Age data is available for 13 cases, and the oldest victim profile among the four regional countries appears here, with most cases in the 26–30 and 31–40 brackets. The main rights violated are the prohibition of discrimination, physical integrity, and in some entries the right to life and liberty and security.
Moldova
Moldova accounts for the largest regional caseload, with 98 cases. The pattern is different from Armenia and Georgia: hate speech and discrimination dominate, while physical violence and domestic violence are relatively rare.
The report highlights coordinated digital propaganda, impersonation, political hate speech, anti-EU and anti-LGBT campaigns, and workplace harassment. Offenders include unknown individuals, state officials, political actors, mass media, anti-gender groups, and state structures. Law enforcement response is inconsistently documented, and in cases involving state officials or political actors, police are often not an adequate remedy.
Most Moldovan entries do not identify gender, because many incidents target groups rather than individuals. Where gender is recorded, cisgender women, genderqueer people, trans men, and cisgender men appear, and by sexual orientation lesbian women are most often targeted, followed by gay men, queer people, and bisexual individuals.
Age data is limited, but the most represented bracket is 19–25, followed by 51–60 and 26–30. Two cases involve children under 15. The main rights violated are the prohibition of discrimination, freedom of assembly and association, freedom of speech and expression, the right to life, and the right to respect for private and family life.
Ukraine
Ukraine contributes 54 cases. The defining feature is overlap: discrimination, hate speech, hate crime, and gender-based violence often appear together in the same incident. Physical violence is common, including a multi-episode pattern of abuse against an imprisoned LGBT+ person, a police raid on the Kyiv “Dark Room” club, clashes around the Sunny Bunny festival, dismissal of a physics teacher, denial of dormitory access in religious-affiliated universities, and conflict at the funeral of David Chichkan over a Pride flag.
Unknown groups, known groups, state structures, and anti-gender groups appear among offenders.
By gender, cisgender men are the largest identified victim group, followed by cisgender women and trans women. Gay men are the most documented group by sexual orientation.
Age data shows a strong concentration in the 19–25 bracket, with minors also documented. The most frequently cited rights include privacy and family life, discrimination, fair trial and access to justice, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of assembly and association, freedom of religion, property, education, and participation in cultural life.
The report also notes that civil partnership reform remains pending and that LGBT+ Ukrainians are facing wartime displacement, discrimination, and anti-gender mobilisations.
Russia
Russia is treated as a separate category because the state itself is the main perpetrator. The report describes the most developed legal architecture for repression in the region, built around the “gay propaganda” and “extremism” framework, the ban on legal and medical gender transition, and the criminalisation of LGBT+ organising and expression.
Discrimination is the most common offense by far, followed by hate crime, other hate incidents, combined discrimination and hate speech, and hate speech alone. The offender profile is dominated by law enforcement, courts, Roskomnadzor, the Ministry of Justice, the FSB, named officials, and organised far-right actors. The report also notes targeted website blocking, forced outing, bans on cultural events, and denial of medical care.
Cisgender men are the most documented victim group, followed by trans women and cisgender women; trans men and non-binary people are also represented. Sexual orientation is often unrecorded, but many victims are identified as homosexual, with a smaller number recorded as bisexual.
The age profile is concentrated among very young adults, especially 18–25, while minors are also present. The main rights violated are liberty and security, fair trial and access to justice, freedom of speech and expression, participation in cultural life, privacy and family life, and, less often, discrimination.
